how to make the chipboard by palm waste?
 | What is the Palm tree and its waste? |
(1) Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)
Main Uses: Production of palm oil (fruit) and palm kernel oil (seed).
Main waste:
Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) : Fruit bunches after oil extraction, rich in fiber, can be used in particleboard, biofuels.
Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) : Hard, high calorific value, suitable for burning to generate electricity or to make activated carbon.
Palm leaves (Fronds) : High silica content, can be used in animal feed or organic mulch.
Trunks: Cut for processing into board or pulp.
(2) Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera)
Main uses: coconut water, coconut meat (coconut milk, coconut oil), coconut shell fiber (coconut palm).
Main waste:
Coconut Shell: Hard, can be used for activated carbon or fuel.
Coconut fiber (Coir) : Corrosion resistant, can be used in mattresses, ropes or composite materials.
Coconut Fronds: Can be used for weaving or biomass fuel.
| The Production Process of Chipboard by Palm Waste |
The production process of Particleboard using palm waste (such as oil palm hollow fruit cluster EFB, palm leaves, tree trunks, etc.) is similar to traditional wood particleboard, but needs to be optimized for the characteristics of palm raw materials. Here are the key production steps 1. Raw material collection and pretreatment
(1) Waste classification and cleaning
Applicable raw materials: oil palm empty fruit cluster (EFB), palm leaves, tree trunk fragments, coconut shell, etc.
Processing method:
Remove sediment, stone and other impurities (washing or wind cleaning).
Initial degreasing (steam treatment or solvent cleaning) if containing oil (e.g. EFB)
(2) Crushing and screening
Equipment: Hammer crusher, blade crusher (wear resistance, due to the high silicon content of palm waste).
Goal: Break the waste into 3-5mm qualified shavings and screen out the powder (<1mm will affect the strength)
Step 2: Dry
Objective: To reduce the water content of shavings to 2%-4% (the initial water content of wet palm waste may reach 50%-60%).
Equipment: Drum dryer (temperature 120-180 ℃).
Key control: Avoid excessive drying leading to the embrittlement of the shavings3. Sizing (adhesive mixing)
Step 3: Adhesive selection:
Conventional: Urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) - low cost, but needs to be formulated to accommodate palm fiber.
High performance: PMDI (isocyanate adhesive) - good water resistance, suitable for high fat waste, but high cost.
Sizing amount:
Wood particle board: 8%-10% adhesive (dry base).
Palm particle board: may need 10%-15% (due to the fiber lipophobic effect of gluing efficiency).
Mixing method: high-speed mixer, to ensure that the rubber liquid evenly coated shavings.
4. Paving and preloading
Pavement:
Adopt airflow paving or mechanical paving to form a uniform layer of shavings.
Can do three layer structure (surface fine shavings, core layer coarse shavings) to improve the surface quality.
Precompression:
Cold pressing (0.5-1mpa) preliminary shape, reduce the exhaust time during hot pressing.
5. Hot press molding
Temperature: 180-200 ℃ (Palm fiber has poor thermal conductivity, which needs to be slightly higher than wood).
Pressure: 2.5-3.5mpa.
Time:
Conventional wood particle board: 20-30 seconds /mm thickness.
Palm particle board: may need to be extended by 10%-20% (to ensure that the glue is fully cured).
Key questions:
High silicon content may accelerate hot press plate wear and require regular maintenance6. Cooling and post-treatment
Cooling:
After the plate needs 24 hours of natural cooling or forced air cooling to avoid deformation.
Edge sanding:
Cut to standard size (e.g. 1220×2440mm).
Sanding improves surface smoothness (especially palm particleboard may be rougher)
7. Quality inspection
Key indicators:
Density: 0.6-0.8g /cm³ (adjustable hot pressing parameter control).
Static bending strength (MOR) : ≥11 MPa (EN standard).
Modulus of elasticity (MOE) : ≥1600 MPa.
Water absorption thickness expansion rate (TS) : ≤12% (24 hours soaking).
Improvement measures:
If the strength is insufficient, increase the adhesive ratio or mix wood shavings (≥30%)
8. Environmental protection and cost optimization suggestions
Reduce the amount of adhesive:
The palm shavings were treated with alkali (NaOH) to improve their adhesive properties.
Use natural adhesives (such as lignin modified adhesives) to partially replace synthetic adhesives.
Waste recycling:
Sanding dust can be recycled as fuel or filler.
Energy use:
The use of palm waste (if shell) combustion heat, reduce drying and hot pressing energy consumption.
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